Why Do Pores Look Larger in Summer? What Does Science Say?
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What Are Pores?
Pores are tiny openings on the surface of the skin that connect to hair follicles and sebaceous (oil) glands.
They allow sebum, the skin's natural oil, to reach the surface where it helps support skin hydration and barrier function.
The size and visibility of pores are influenced by genetics, skin type, age, and environmental factors.
What Does the Scientific Research Say?
Scientific research has identified several reasons why pores may appear larger during warmer weather.
Studies suggest that higher temperatures and humidity may contribute to:
- Increased sebum production
- Greater perspiration
- A build-up of oil, dead skin cells, and cosmetic residue around pores
- Increased surface shine, making pores more noticeable
Research also shows that collagen and skin elasticity influence the appearance of pores over time. As skin naturally ages and elasticity changes, pores may become more visible.
Importantly, research does not support the idea that pores physically "open" or "close." Instead, they may appear larger or smaller depending on what is happening on the skin's surface.
What May Help Improve the Appearance of Pores?
Scientific studies have explored several cosmetic ingredients that may help reduce the appearance of visible pores by supporting clearer skin and improving skin texture.
These include:
- Salicylic acid (BHA) – helps exfoliate inside the pore and reduce the build-up of oil and dead skin cells.
- Niacinamide – has been studied for improving the appearance of enlarged pores and supporting the skin barrier.
- Retinoids (including retinol) – may improve skin texture and the appearance of pores over time through skin renewal processes.
- Gentle exfoliating acids (AHAs) – help remove dead skin cells from the skin surface.
- Clay-based masks – can temporarily absorb excess surface oil, making pores appear less noticeable.
Researchers also emphasize that consistent cleansing and moisturising can help maintain balanced-looking skin.
The cosmetic effects of these ingredients depend on:
- Product formulation
- Ingredient concentration
- Frequency and consistency of use
- Individual skin characteristics
Understanding the Limits of Current Research
Although many skincare ingredients have been studied for improving the appearance of pores, there is no cosmetic product that can permanently shrink pore size.
Pore size is largely influenced by genetics and natural skin structure.
Cosmetic skincare products may help reduce the appearance of enlarged pores by supporting cleaner pores, smoother skin texture, and balanced oil production, but results vary between individuals.
Scientific findings therefore describe potential cosmetic benefits, rather than guaranteed outcomes.
How to Care for Visible Pores During Summer
A balanced skincare routine commonly includes:
- Gentle cleansing to remove excess oil and sunscreen
- Salicylic acid for pore-focused exfoliation
- Niacinamide to support overall skin appearance
- Lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizers
- Daily sunscreen
- Avoiding harsh scrubbing, which may contribute to skin irritation
Consistency is generally more important than using multiple strong active ingredients at once.
The Nēaē Skin Routine Cycle
The Nēaē Skin routine is built around barrier-first, science-forward actives — layered to support balanced, healthy-looking skin all year round. Explore the full routine here.
Nēaē Skin Products to Support Skin Texture and Balanced-Looking Pores
At Nēaē Skin, several of our formulas feature ingredients studied for their potential to support skin texture, barrier function, and a more balanced-looking complexion.
- Hyaluronic Acid Cleanser — A gentle, hydrating face wash with Vitamin C, Panthenol, Cucumber, and Lavender — ideal for removing excess oil and sunscreen without disrupting the skin barrier.
- Hyaluronic Acid Toner — Centella Asiatica and Licorice Root combined with Hyaluronic Acid to hydrate, brighten, and prep skin after cleansing.
- Glowing Drip 28% — Niacinamide, Bakuchiol, and Copper Peptides in one brightening serum — Niacinamide is one of the most studied ingredients for improving the appearance of visible pores.
- Snail Mucin Serum — Niacinamide and Vitamin C alongside Snail Mucin, Hyaluronic Acid, and Collagen — a lightweight brightening serum that supports a smoother, more even-looking skin texture.
- Dragon’s Blood Serum — Hyaluronic Acid, Niacinamide, Centella Asiatica, and Snow Mushroom — a barrier-supporting serum that helps maintain balanced, healthy-looking skin.
- HydraNAD+™ Brightening Hydration Complex — NAD+, 6 forms of Hyaluronic Acid, and Niacinamide for deep hydration and a visibly more balanced, even-looking complexion.
Research & Further Reading
Scientific literature has explored visible pores in relation to:
- Sebum production
- Skin aging
- Skin elasticity
- Salicylic acid
- Niacinamide
- Retinoids
- Cosmetic formulation science
For readers interested in exploring the scientific evidence in greater depth, PubMed provides access to peer-reviewed research on pores, cosmetic science, and dermatology.
Disclaimer
This article is for educational purposes only and discusses skincare ingredients and skin science based on current cosmetic research. It is not intended as medical advice. Individual results may vary depending on skin type, product formulation, and consistency of use. If you have specific skin concerns, consult a qualified healthcare professional or dermatologist.